Passover

About Passover

Passover, or Pesach, commemorates the journey of the ancient Israelites from enslavement in Egypt to freedom. It’s often called the “master story” of the Jewish people—a powerful narrative that has shaped Jewish values of standing against oppression, defending the vulnerable, and caring for those on the margins. While the story has biblical roots from 3,400 years ago, its message is universal and resonates with people of every background.

The Story

According to tradition, Jacob’s family fled famine in Canaan (ancient Israel) and found refuge in Egypt. Generations later, a new Pharaoh, fearful of the growing Israelite population, enslaved them. When Pharaoh’s tyranny worsened, Moses—an Israelite raised in the royal palace—was called by God to lead the Israelites to freedom.

A dramatic struggle ensued between Moses and Pharaoh, culminating in ten plagues that broke the Egyptians’ resolve. During the final plague, God “passed over” the homes of the Israelites, sparing them and giving the festival its name. With Pharaoh’s army in pursuit, the waters of the Red Sea were miraculously split, enabling the Israelites to escape. Leaving in haste, they had no time for their dough to rise; hence matzah, the iconic “unleavened bread,” has become the central symbol of Pesach.

How We Celebrate … and Why

At the heart of Passover is the Seder (SAY-der)—a beautifully choreographed meal on the first (and often the second) night of the holiday. It’s an immersive learning experience for every generation, guided by the Haggadah (ha-ga-DAH), a text that re-tells the Exodus story.

Symbolic Foods at the Seder

• Four Cups of Wine: Represent the sweetness and joy of freedom.
• Bitter Herbs: Remind us of the sting of slavery.
• Green Vegetables (karpas): Symbolize springtime renewal.
• Matzah: The thin, crisp, unleavened bread that serves as a tangible reminder of the Israelites’ rushed departure from Egypt.

During the Seder, each participant is encouraged to envision themselves as if they, personally, are escaping from a place of “narrowness.” (Mitzrayim, the Hebrew word for Egypt, literally means “a narrow place.”) The Seder becomes a chance to reflect on where we feel stuck in our own lives and how we might move toward freedom, possibility, and hope.

Avoiding Leavened Foods

For the eight days of Pesach, many Jews avoid chametz—any product made from wheat, barley, rye, oats, or spelt that has been allowed to ferment or “rise.” This custom is a nod to the ancient Israelites, who left Egypt so quickly that their bread did not have time to rise. Instead, they relied on matzah.

Some families clean their homes thoroughly before Passover begins, removing all traces of leavened products from kitchens, pantries, and beyond. Many also enjoy substituting breads and cereals with matzah, or exploring creative Passover recipes that align with their traditions.

The Relevance of Passover Today

The Exodus story remains a guiding ethical principle in Jewish life. In the Torah, we’re reminded no fewer than 36 times to protect and empathize with strangers—because we, too, were once oppressed. This call to create just and compassionate communities resonates powerfully across cultures, encouraging people of all faiths to stand up for human rights and dignity.

An Exercise for All Faiths and Backgrounds

Whether or not you identify as Jewish, Pesach can be a time to reflect on your personal journeys and values:

1. Host a Meal: Invite friends or family to share a dinner and discuss what “freedom” means to each person.
2. Share a Symbol: Ask everyone to bring an item they feel represents liberation or hope, and talk about why it’s meaningful.
3. Take Action: Consider donating to a justice-focused organization, or volunteer your time to help those in need.

Observing Passover at the PJCC

During the seven-day, eight-night celebration of Passover, the PJCC observes special dietary guidelines out of respect for Jewish tradition. We kindly ask that you refrain from bringing leavened products (bread, crackers, cakes, cereals, etc.) into the building. Kitniyot—such as rice, beans, and legumes—are permitted, following several Jewish movements’ practices. For specific details, please see our posted guidelines or ask a staff member.

Resources to Explore

• Family-Friendly Videos: BimBam’s Passover Playlist
• Passover Recipes: MyJewishLearning’s Recipe Collection
• The Four Questions: Learn to Sing Mah Nishtanah

For deeper insights, explore various Haggadah options, such as “A Night of Questions,” “The Open Door,” or the “New American Haggadah” for unique commentaries and approaches to the Passover story.